What are the symptoms?
The initial sensation of the syndrome presents as a feeling of heaviness in the wrist. Over time, it progresses to numbness affecting the first three fingers, mainly the thumb and index finger. Mild symptoms typically affect the palm of the hand and, less frequently, the hand above the wrist, but can extend up to the shoulder. More severe symptoms manifest as numbness or reduced endurance and strength in the fingers, thumb, or even the entire hand.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is established through a clinical examination. The orthopedic specialist performs a series of tests to identify the underlying causes of the problem.
Subsequently, laboratory tests, including electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity tests, are recommended to record the sensory and motor speeds of the median nerve.
In rarer cases, specialized tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the carpal tunnel are required to determine the disease’s etiology.
What is the treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Based on clinical and laboratory findings, and assessing the severity of the syndrome, the orthopedic specialist, in consultation with the patient, will recommend the appropriate treatment.
Initially, conservative treatment may be recommended, including the use of a wrist splint and avoidance of wrist flexion movements. Resting the hand alleviates symptoms, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often prescribed to enhance treatment effectiveness. Corticosteroid injections into the carpal tunnel provide temporary relief in approximately 80% of cases after about 6 weeks.
Carpal tunnel syndrome can be easily and effectively treated with surgical decompression of the median nerve. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia with the use of magnifying lenses due to the delicacy of the maneuvers and the small incision required (microsurgical technique). Hospitalization is not necessary. Full recovery of hand movements typically takes 2-3 months following the surgery.
What is the prevention for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Activities that require repetitive movements of the wrists are the primary cause of the syndrome. This is where prevention lies. The following actions can help reduce the risk:
Proper posture
Ergonomic tools and workstations
Regular performance of muscle-relaxing exercises (wrist flexion and extension)
Frequent rest, hand and foot shaking, and changing posture during work